History

Nationalist Struggles in India

India was loyal to Great Britain throughout World War I because most Indians realized that the Allies were more liberal and democratic than the Central Powers. The Indian press was nearly unanimous in supporting the British war effort.

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Russia one of the Great Powers of Europe

To western European eyes, tsarist Russia was a gigantic backward nation. Territorially three times as large as the continental United States, it was overwhelmingly populated by peasants. Despite significant industrial growth in the preceding quarter century, by TQM only about 3 million out of a population of approximately 170 million were industrial workers.

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Cultural Trends in 1900 the Era of Imperialism

Cultural Trends in the Era of Imperialism . In the West, many significant new forms of expression developed in religion, literature,and the arts. Non—Western cultures were also modified by contacts with the West. Non-Western cultures had some impact in the West as well, but not nearly to the same degree.

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Nationalism and The Twentieth Century

Nationalism was another political force at work at the turn of the century Concentrated in the West and in japan in 1900, it spread around the world during the twentieth century Nationalism is a learned emotional loyalty that individuals direct toward a group with which they perceive common bonds. it gives individuals a sense of membership and belonging.

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France, one of the Great Powers of Europe

France was also an industrialized nation with a large empire. Compared with Great Britain, it had a much larger agricultural base but a less developed industrial system. Like Great Britain, France had been moving toward liberalization. French liberals advocating more democratic political forms clashed with conservatives, who tended to support more authoritarian policies.

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Germany, one of the Great Powers of Europe

The opening of the twentieth century witnessed Gerrnanys emergence as arguably the most powerful nation in Europe. Although not unified until 1871, Germany moved forward rapidly it had a sound agricultural base and had used its large resources of coal and iron ore to develop into one of the worlds top industrial nations. By and large, Germany’s industrial plant was newer and more efficient than that of its major economic rival, Great Britain.

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Italian Fascism and Benito Mussolini

The most important and successful right-wing movement of the immediate postwar years was that of the Italian Fascist Benito Mussolini. Before the war, Mussolini had been one of ltalys most prominent socialists and the editor of the official Socialist Party newspaper. ln addition to the ideas of Karl Marx, those of Nietzsche also strongly influenced him.

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CANADA IN THE INTERWAR YEARS

Cars and radios were among the new consumer goods that Canadians rapidly embraced in the years after World War l, ln the vast Dominion, these new devices rendered prairie fanns, fishing villages, and lumber camps less isolated and fostered a stronger sense of national belonging. Canadians not only bought these goods, they produced them, usually at branch plants U.S. finns had built across its northern border.

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British Control of Egypt and the Sudan

Great Britain’s interest in this region was primarily strategic, focused on the Suez Canal, which shortened the distance between Europe and Asia. Designed by a French engineer and built by an international company it was opened in 1869. Because of their far-flung empire and global trading network

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THE CREATION OF ISRAEL AND THE 1948 WAR

When World War ll ended, the Arab-Israeli conflict became the major political and military problem in the Middle East. After 1945, both the Zionists and the Palestinian Arabs pushed for the creation of their own individual nations; the problem was that each of these nationalist groups sought to establish its independence within the same geographic territory The Palestinians, who in l945 were about two—thirds of the local population and owned about BO percent of the land, believed the territory was theirs.

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